Time for another edition of our long-running battle between the Lone Star State and the Golden State.
Except it’s not really a battle since one side seems determined to lose.
For instance, Mark Perry of the American Enterprise Institute often uses extensive tables filled with multiple variables when comparing high-performing states and low-performing states.
But when comparing California and Texas, sometimes all you need is one data source because it makes a very powerful point. Which is what he recently did with that data on one-way U-Haul rental rates between California cities and Texas cities.
There’s a very obvious takeaway from this data, as Mark explains.
…there is a huge premium for trucks leaving California for Texas and a huge discount for trucks leaving Texas for California. …U-Haul’s one-way truck rental rates are market-based to reflect relative demand and relative supply. In California there’s a relatively low supply of trucks available and a relatively high demand for trucks destined for Texas; in Texas there’s a relatively high supply of trucks and a relatively low demand for trucks going to California. Therefore, U-Haul charges 3-4 times more for one-way truck rentals going from San Francisco or LA to Houston or Dallas than vice-versa based on what must be a huge net outflow of trucks leaving California (leading to low inventory) and a net inflow of trucks arriving in Texas (leading to high inventory). …in 2016…the ratios for the same matched cities were much smaller, 2.2 to 2.4 to 1, suggesting that the outbound migration from California to Texas as reflected in one-way U-Haul truck rental rates must have accelerated over the last three years.
So why is California so unattractive compared to Texas?
To answer that question, this map from the Tax Foundation is a good place to start. It shows that California has the most punitive income tax of any state, while Texas is one of the sensible states with no income tax.
By the way, I sometimes get pushback from my leftist friends who point out that California’s 13.3 percent tax rate only applies to millionaires.
I don’t think that’s an effective argument since it makes zero sense to penalize a state’s most productive citizens. Especially when they’re the ones who can easily afford to move (and many of them are doing exactly that).
That being said, California pillages middle-class taxpayers as well. If some trendy young millennial wants to live in San Francisco, I wish that person all the luck in the world – especially since the 8 percent tax rate kicks in at just $44,377.
Now let’s ask the question of whether California residents (rich, poor, or middle class) are getting something for all the taxes they have to pay.
- Is there any evidence that they are getting better schools? No.
- How about data showing that they get better health care? No.
- What about research indicating better infrastructure in the state? No.
Instead, they’re paying for a giant welfare state and for a lavishly compensated collection of bureaucrats.
P.S. There’s also plenty of international data showing big government isn’t the way to get good roads, schools, and healthcare.
P.P.S. If you want more data comparing Texas and California, click here, here, and here.
P.P.P.S. Here’s my favorite California vs Texas joke.
P.P.P.P.S. Comparisons of New York and Florida tell the same story.
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John, I wasn’t trying to debunk the idea that Californians pay higher taxes. My point was is that I always hear how wonderful is that Texans pay no state income tax, yet we pay the third largest amount in property taxes (some sources say 6th, take your pick.) And yup, I agree that no metric is anywhere near perfect. Most are flawed in some way.
Steven,
What economic metric is perfect? None. Looking at property tax rates in isolation also isn’t perfect, due to much higher California house prices, and probably other issues. Although not perfect, the data I mentioned certainly do support the idea that Texans pay lower overall taxes than Californians.
John Wagner: I don’t believe that comparing tax rates per person (per capita) is an accurate method. Too many variables, such as population, family size, home ownership rates, etc. A study by ATTOM Data Solutions found the average effective tax rate in Texas last year was 2.18 percent, trailing only New Jersey and Illinois. I live near Austin, and I’m paying 2.49 percent, or about $7,000 per year on a $300,000 home (homestead exemption lowers the effective rate somewhat). This has become a real problem here and is being addressed by the legislature. While California has a much lower rate, the median price for a home is at least 3 times what it is here in Texas. In some places even higher. But yea, we have no income tax. I’m retired now, so I don’t care about income taxes, though my retirement income is still taxed heavily at the Federal level. I tried talking my wife into moving to Oklahoma, where the property tax rates are a third what they are here in TX, but she wouldn’t go. I guess I could write a book on the subject, so I’ll stop here.
Steven,
Californians pay $2,055 state and local income tax per capita. Texans pay zero. Other taxes don’t do much to close the gap:
SALES tax rate: CA 8.6% vs TX 8.2% (avg state and local)
PROPERTY taxes per person: CA $1,559 vs TX $1,762
EXCISE taxes per person: CA $505 vs TX $589
(all data from Tax Foundation)
I just ran some numbers, working out how much the “median income earner” gets to keep in each state based on Tax Burden stats and the top ten best are: Alaska 95%
Delaware 94%
Tennessee 94%
Florida 93%
New Hampshire 93%
Oklahoma 93%
Montana 93%
South Dakota 93%
Alabama 93%
Wyoming 92%
And the worst 10 are:
Iowa 91%
Illinois 90%
Connecticut 90%
New Jersey 90%
Rhode Island 90%
Minnesota 90%
Vermont 89%
Maine 89%
Hawaii 88%
New York 87%
Texas and California come in at 18 (91.8%) and 40 (90.5% retained) on the list. It would be interesting to compare Uhaul rentals between the top and bottom 10… I suspect, as Steven points out, it isn’t the taxes alone which are the driving factor in the migration. For the “median American” a 1.3 percentage point difference doesn’t seem to make the move worth while.
I get the same ranking using per capita income instead of median income.
FYI: I just fled IA for TN.
While I agree with the statements in this article, when comparing taxes between two states, income tax is not enough. You must include property taxes and sales taxes. Property taxes in Texas are more than twice what the rates are in California. Now granted, property values are greater in California, which does not help Californians. Sales taxes look higher in California, which really hits the middle and lower classes. But the premise that Californians are over-taxed and over-regulated is true. I’ll bet that if you just reduced the size of government and the amount of regulations in Calif, you’d start to see some growth without changing the tax codes.